Egypt |
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Last reviewed: 27 January 2008 |
Egypt, one of the main civilisations of the ancient world, has a history that goes back more than 5000 years. Starting with the Pharaohs who were able to create a civilisation based on the banks of the Nile, they were succeeded by foreign conquerors, mainly Persian, Greek, Roman and Byzantine. European influence in the 19th century gave way to a constitutional monarchy in 1922. Following the revolution of 1952, Egypt declared itself a Republic in 1953. The first President, Mohamed Naguib, was soon ousted by Gamal Abdel Nasser, whose leadership over the next 18 years left a long lasting imprint on the Egyptian political, economic and social scene. His successor was Anwar El Sadat (1970-1981) who was followed by the current President, Mohammed Hosni Mubarak.
BBC News Country Timeline: Egypt