The European Union applies targeted restrictive measures (sanctions) against a number of third countries, entities and individuals. These measures are adopted by means of a Common Position under Article 15 of the Treaty on European Union.

However, certain measures under the Common Position, such as the freezing of funds of individuals or entities and other restrictions on economic relations, may fall within the competence of the European Community. Where this arises they are implemented in the European Community by means of an EC Regulation.

The EC Regulation may provide that certain functions thereunder be carried out by competent authorities designated in respect of each Member State.