Eighteenth-century Europe was ravaged by violence. A new system was desperately needed to bring peace and confidence.
Foreign Secretary George Canning and War Secretary Castlereagh fought a duel on Putney Heath on 21 September 1809 arising from conflicts within the Cabinet.
Castlereagh, who became Foreign Secretary in 1812, aimed to replace the 'old diplomacy' with consultation and peace keeping.
Castlereagh and Canning embodied radically different approaches to foreign policy. So who won the duel?
Acknowledgements for The Duel for Europe 1800-1830 exhibition